5. Consequences

Please review carefully Figure 3-4: The Landscape of Bullying. Please read the Text Box connected to SCHOOLS and the Text Box connected to PEERS.

Chapter 4 presents essential research on the serious long-term consequences of bullying for individuals who bully and are bullied and the bystanders. It also the meta-analyses for suicidality and the relationship of bullying

to Mass Shootings. This chapter will take you much longer than a week so take your time.

1) Somatic Symptoms

2) Neuroendocrinology of Stress

3) Cortisol Responses

4) Brain function

5) Social Pain

6) Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

7) Psychotic Symptoms of Childhood Trauma

8) Academic Performance